Gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis and myonecrosis) is a bacterial infection that produces gas in tissues in gangrene. This deadly form of gangrene is usually caused by Clostridium Perfringens bacteria. It is a serious condition and if it occurs in a limb then amputation is commonly performed. Survival rates are low. Myonecrosis is a condition of necrotic damage, specific to muscle tissue. It is often seen in infections with C. perfringens or any of myriad soil-borne anaerobic bacteria. Bacteria cause myonecrosis by specific exotoxins. These are produced by Bacteria and disrupt or destroy cells or cell metabolism. These microorganisms are opportunistic and, in general, enter the body through significant skin breakage. Gangrenous infection by soil-borne bacteria was common in the combat injuries of soldiers well into the 20th century because of nonsterile field surgery and the basic nature of care for severe projectile wounds. Common modern causes of Gas Gangrene other than soil borne bacteria are bites from snakes from the Viper family, Ischemic Necrosis caused by a Vascular Blockage or untreated Thrombus.